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Chord progression and a turnaround used in Western popular music

A '50s progression in C

The '50s progression (too known every bit the "Centre and Soul" chords, the "Stand by Me" changes,^{[1] [ii]} the doo-wop progression ^{[3] : 204} and the "ice cream changes"^[4]) is a chord progression and turnaround used in Western pop music. The progression, represented in Roman numeral analysis, is: I–vi–Four–V. For example, in C major: C–Am–F–G. As the name implies, it was common in the 1950s and early 1960s and is particularly associated with doo-wop.

The starting time vocal to utilize the sequence extensively might have been "Blue Moon", written in 1933 by Richard Rodgers, and first released, with lyrics by Lorenz Hart, in 1934.^{[ not verified in torso ]}

Theory [edit]

In Western classical music during the mutual practice catamenia, chord progressions are used to structure a musical composition. The destination of a chord progression is known equally a cadence, or two chords that signify the end or prolongation of a musical phrase. The most conclusive and resolving cadences render to the tonic or I chord; post-obit the circle of fifths, the nigh suitable chord to precede the I chord is a V chord. This item cadency, V–I, is known as an authentic cadency. However, since a I–V–I progression is repetitive and skips most of the circle of fifths, information technology is mutual practice to precede the dominant chord with a suitable predominant chord, such as a IV chord or a 2 chord (in major), in order to maintain interest. In this case, the 50s progression uses a IV chord, resulting in the ubiquitous I–IV–V–I progression. The vi chord earlier the IV chord in this progression (creating I–vi–Four–V–I) is used as a means to prolong the tonic chord, as the half dozen or submediant chord is commonly used as a substitute for the tonic chord, and to ease the voice leading of the bass line: in a I–half-dozen–IV–V–I progression (without any chordal inversions) the bass voice descends in major or small-scale thirds from the I chord to the half-dozen chord to the IV chord.

Variations [edit]

As with whatsoever other chord progression, there are many possible variations, for example turning the dominant or V into a 5⁷, or repeated I–half-dozen progression followed by a single IV–5 progression. A very common variation is having 2 substitute for the subdominant, Iv, creating the progression I–half dozen–ii–V (a variant of the circle progression) and thus the 2–5–I turnaround.

50s progression in C – harmonic rhythm

two beat

iv shell

eight beat out

variable

Variations include switching the vi and the Four chord to create I–IV–vi–V, as is used in "More Than a Feeling" by Boston^[5] and "She Drives Me Crazy" by Fine Immature Cannibals.^{[ citation needed ]} This is as well similar to the I–Five–vi–IV progression.

The harmonic rhythm, or the pace at which the chords occur, may be varied including ii beats (half-measure) per chord, four (full measure or bar), eight (ii measures), and eight beats per chord except for IV and V⁽⁷⁾ which get four each.^{[three] : 206}

"Sleep Walk" by Santo & Johnny uses a similar progression, with the IV replaced past its parallel minor iv for an overall progression of I–6–four–5.^{[ citation needed ]}

Examples in popular music [edit]

This is a fractional list of recorded songs containing the '50s progression. The list does not include songs containing the progression for very short, irrelevant sections of the songs, nor does it include remade recordings of songs by other artists.

Title	Artist	Year	Progression
"The KKK Took My Babe Abroad"	Ramones	1981	I–vi–Iv–V
"Oh, Pretty Woman"	Roy Orbison; Roy Orbison, Bill Dees (writers)	1964	I–vi–Iv–V
"A Teenager in Beloved"	Dion and the Belmonts; Doc Pomus, Mort Shuman (writers)	1959	I–vi–Iv–V
"Affections Baby"	Rosie and the Originals	1960	I–vi–Four–Five
"All I Have to Do Is Dream"	The Everly Brothers	1958	I–vi–Four–V
"Baby"	Justin Bieber	2010	I–half dozen–IV–V
"Baby Doll"	The Buttertones	2016	I–vi–IV–V
"Bad Girl"	The Detroit Cobras	1996	I–vi–Four–V
"Baby, I'm an Anarchist!"	Against Me!	2002	I–vi–IV–V
"Beautiful Girls"	Sean Kingston	2007	I–vi–IV–V
"Across the Ocean"[6]	Jack Lawrence and Charles Trenet	1946	I–vi–IV–V
"Bleeding Dearest"	Leona Lewis	2007	I–vi–Four–V
"Blue Moon"	The Marcels	1961	I–vi–IV–V
"Torso Feels Leave"	Namie Amuro	1995	6–4–Five–I
"Dauntless as a Substantive"	Andrew Jackson Jihad	2007	I–six–Four–V
"Bristol Stomp"	The Dovells	1961	I–vi–IV–V
"Brokenhearted"	Karmin	2012	I–vi–IV–V
"Burberry Headband"	Lil Mosey	2018	I–vi–IV–Five
"Capital Radio"	The Clash	1977	I–vi–IV–V
Christmas (Infant Delight Come Abode)	Darlene Honey	1963	I–half-dozen–IV–Five
"Chain Gang"[7]	Sam Cooke	1960	I–vi–4–V
"Close Your Eyes"	Meghan Trainor	2014	I–half dozen–IV–V
"Complicated"	Avril Lavigne	2002	I–vi–IV–Five (verses)
"Coney Island Baby"	The Excellents	1962	I–6–4–V
"Cradle Rock	The Heartbreakers (Ray Collins/ Frank Zappa)	1963	I–half-dozen–Four–V
"Crocodile Rock"[8]	Elton John	1972	I–half-dozen–IV–V
"Tin can't Stop Lovin' You"	Van Halen	1995	I–vi–IV–V
"Da Doo", "Dentist"	Little Shop of Horrors (musical) Original Broadway Cast	1982	I–vi–Four–5
"Dance with Me Tonight"	Olly Murs	2011	I–vi–Iv–Five
"Dearest Time to come Married man"	Meghan Trainor	2015	I–vi–4–V
"Donna"[9]	Ritchie Valens	1958	I–vi–Iv–V
"Don't Dream Information technology's Over"[10]	Crowded Business firm	1986	Iv–V–I–vi
"Don't Say Your Honey Is Killing Me"	Erasure	1997	I–six–4–5
"Double Shot (Of My Infant's Dear)"	The Swingin' Medallions	1966	I–half-dozen–Iv–5
"Duke of Earl"[xi]	Gene Chandler	1962	I–vi–Iv–V
"Dura"	Daddy Yankee	2018	I–vi–4–V
"D'yer Mak'er"	Led Zeppelin	1973	I–vi–Iv–V
"Earth Angel"[9] [12]	The Penguins	1954	I–six–IV–V
"Endless Mine"	Sega	1994	I-vi-IV-V
"Enola Gay"	Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark	1980	I–half-dozen–Iv–5
"Epiphany"	BTS	2018	I–vi–4–V
"Eternal Flame"[13]	The Bangles/Atomic Kitten	1989/2001	I–vi–IV–5
"Every Breath You Accept"	The Police	1983	I–half-dozen–IV–V
"Eyes of Blue"[14]	Paul Carrack	1995	I–vi–IV–5
"Eyes on Me"	Faye Wong	1999	I–vi–IV–V
"Flightless Bird, American Mouth"	Iron & Wine	2007	I–vi–Four–V
"For Your Precious Love"[15]	Jerry Butler	1958	I–half dozen–4–V
"Fri"[sixteen]	Rebecca Black	2011	I–half dozen–IV–V
"Give a Little Love"[17]	Bay City Rollers	1975	I–vi–IV–V
"Become Weep On Somebody Else'due south Shoulder"	The Mothers of Invention	1966	I–vi–Four–V
"Daughter on Fire"	Alicia Keys	2011	I–six–IV–V
"God Is in the Rhythm"	King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard	2015	I–vi–IV–V
"Happiness Is a Warm Gun"[11] [18]	The Beatles	1968	I–six–4–V
"Have It All"	Jason Mraz	2018	I–vi–4–V
"Heart and Soul"[19]	Larry Clinton feat. Bea Wain	1938	I–vi–IV–V
"I'll Make Beloved to You"	Boyz 2 Men	1994	I–half-dozen–Four–V
"I'1000 Not Edward Cullen"	Hank Green	2009	I–vi–IV–5
"I'm the One"	DJ Khaled	2017	I–half dozen–Four–Five
"I'm Waiting for the Day"	The Beach Boys	1966	I–vi–Iv–V
"I Ever Knew"	The Vaccines	2012	I–vi–IV–V
"I Dearest You Too Much"	The Book of Life (soundtrack)	2014	I–vi–4–V
"In the Airplane Over the Sea"[20]	Neutral Milk Hotel	1998	I–vi–Iv–V
"In The Shape Of A Heart"	Jackson Browne	1986	I–vi–IV–V
"In the Still Of the Night"	The Five Satins	1956	I–vi–Four–Five
"I Wanna Be With You"	The Raspberries	1974	I–vi–Iv–V
"I Will Always Love You"	Dolly Parton / Whitney Houston	1974/1992	I–vi–IV–V
"Jesus of Suburbia"[21] [22]	Greenish Twenty-four hour period	2005	I–vi–IV–V
"Joey"	Concrete Blonde	1990	I–vi–IV–V
"Just One Expect"	Doris Troy	1963	I–half dozen–IV–V
"Just Like a Pill"[23]	Pink	2002	I–vi–4–V
"But the Mode You Are"	Bruno Mars	2010	I–vi–IV–V
"Kimberly"	Patti Smith	1975	I–6–IV–Five
"Last Osculation"[24]	Wayne Cochran	1961	I–6–Four–Five
"Looking for an Echo"	Kenny Vance / Ol' 55	1975/1976	I–vi–4–V
"Lollipop"[25]	Ronald & Cerise	1958	I–half-dozen–4–V
"Lonely This Christmas"[26]	Mud	1974	I–vi–4–V
"Lovable"[27] [28]	Sam Cooke	1956	I–vi–Iv–V
"Love Hurts"	The Everly Brothers / Nazareth	1960/1974	I–six–IV–Five
"Making Dearest Out Of Null At All"	Air Supply	1982	I–vi–IV–V
"Mama I'm A Big Girl At present"	Hairspray Original Broadway Cast	2002	I–6–IV–V
"Mandy"	Barry Manilow	1974	I–vi–Iv–V
"Marathon"	Tennis	2011	I–vi–Four–Five
"Marvin Gaye"	Charlie Puth and Meghan Trainor	2015	I–half dozen–Four–V
"Me!"	Taylor Swift ft. Brendon Urie	2019	I–half-dozen–4–V
"Messin' Around"	Pitbull	2016	I–vi–IV–V
"Don't Dream Information technology, Exist It"	The Rocky Horror Picture Testify	1975	I–half-dozen–4–Five
"Hangin' Out with Jim"	GG Allin	1988	I–vi–Iv–V
"Million Reasons"	Lady Gaga	2016	I–vi–IV–V
"Monster Mash"	Bobby Pickett	1962	I–vi–IV–Five
"No Hay Pedo"	Banda Los Recoditos	2014	I–vi–IV–5
"Zero's Gonna Cease Us Now"	Starship	1987	I–vi–IV–V
"Octopus'southward Garden"	The Beatles	1969	I–vi–Iv–V
"Oh True Love"	Everly Brothers	1960	I–vi–Four–V
"Bobby Brown"	Frank Zappa	1979	I–six–Four–V
"Hang Burn down"	The Rolling Stones	1981	I–vi–IV–5
"Sabbatum Night"	The Misfits	1999	I–half-dozen–IV–V
"Oliver's Army"[29]	Elvis Costello	1979	I–vi–IV–V
"Perfect"[30]	Ed Sheeran	2017	I–vi–Iv–V
"Please Mr. Postman"	The Marvelettes	1961	I–vi–IV–V
"Pretty Picayune Angel Optics"	Curtis Lee	1961	I–vi–IV–V
"Red Cadillac and a Black Moustache"	Warren Smith	1957	I–six–IV–5
"Rinky Dink"	Dave "Baby" Cortez/ Booker T & the MGs	1962	I–vi–IV–V
"Runaround Sue"	Dion	1961	I–six–Four–V
"Stand past Me"[31] [32]	Ben Due east. Male monarch	1961	I–vi–IV–V
"Telephone Line"	Electrical Calorie-free Orchestra	1976	I–vi–4–5
"Tell Me Why"	The Beatles	1964	I–vi–Four–V
"The Man Comes Around"	Johnny Cash	2002	I–vi–Iv–Five
"The Thin Ice"	Pink Floyd	1979	I–half dozen–IV–Five
"This Boy"	The Beatles	1963	I–vi–Iv–5
"This is Me"	Keala Settle	2018	I–vi–IV–V
"This Magic Moment"[33]	The Drifters	1960	I–vi–Four–V
"Those Magic Changes"[34]	Sha Na Na	1978	I–vi–IV–Five
"(Tired Of) Toein' The Line"	Rocky Burnette	1980	I–6–IV–5
"Full Eclipse of the Center"	Bonnie Tyler	1983	I–six–4–Five
"Twistin' the Dark Away"	Sam Cooke	1962	I–vi–IV–V
"Mr. Bass Human"	Johnny Cymbal	1961	I–half dozen–4–V
"Truthful Blue"[35]	Madonna	1986	I–vi–IV–V
"Unchained Melody"	The Righteous Brothers	1955	I–half-dozen–4–Five
"We Virtually Had A Baby"	Emmy the Great	2009	I–vi–Iv–V
"Nosotros Are Young"	Fun ft. Janelle Monáe	2011	I–vi–IV–V
"We Go Together"[36]	John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John	1972	I–vi–Four–V
"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?"	Pete Seeger	1955	I–half dozen–Four–5
"Who Put the Bomp (in the Bomp, Bomp, Bomp)"	Barry Isle of man	1961	I–half-dozen–IV–5
"Why Practice Fools Fall in Dearest"	Frankie Lymon & The Teenagers	1956	I–vi–IV–V
"Yous Don't Own Me"[37]	Lesley Gore	1963	I–vi–IV–V
"Your Reality"[38]	Dan Salvato	2017	I–vi–IV–V

Examples in classical music [edit]

Instances of the I–vi–IV–V progression engagement back to the 17th century, for case, the ostinato bass line of Dieterich Buxtehude's setting of Psalm 42, Quem admodum desiderat cervus, BuxWV 92:

Buxtehude, Psalm 42 "Quem advert modum desiderat cervis"

Buxtehude, Psalm 42 "Quem advertising modum desiderat cervis"

The opening of J. S. Bach's Cantata "Wachet Auf":

J. S. Bach Cantata BWV140, orchestral introduction to the opening chorus

J. S. Bach Cantata BWV140, orchestral introduction to the opening chorus

The progression is institute oftentimes in works by Mozart. At the end of the wearisome motility of his Piano Concerto No. 24, K. 491, the progression is spelled out in arpeggios played by the bassoon:

Mozart, Piano Concerto Yard. 491, closing bars of the ho-hum movement

Mozart, Piano Concerto K. 491, closing confined of the boring movement

The opening of his Pianoforte Concerto No. 22, 1000. 482 extends the progression in a peculiarly subtle way, making use of suspensions:

Mozart Piano Concerto G. 482, opening bars

Mozart Pianoforte Concerto 1000. 482, opening bars

Eric Blom (1935, p. 227) hears this passage every bit "the pinnacle of cunning dodge resulting in what is apparently quite simple and obvious, but what could have occurred to nobody else."^[39]

Come across also [edit]

• Doo-wop
• Pachelbel'south Canon
• I–V–6–IV progression
• Roman numeral analysis

Sources [edit]

1. ^ Moore, Allan (May 1995). "The So-Called 'Flattened 7th' in Rock". Popular Music. Cambridge Academy Press. xiv (2): 185–201. doi:10.1017/s0261143000007431. ISSN 0261-1430.
2. ^ Cole, Dirt (2009). Sh-Boom!: The Explosion of Stone 'northward' Ringlet (1953–1968). Garden Urban center, New York: Morgan James. p. 56. ISBN1-60037-638-X.
3. ^ ^{a b} Scott, Richard (2003). Chord Progressions for Songwriters. New York: Writers Club Press. ISBN0-595-26384-4.
4. ^ Austin, D.; Peterik, J.; Lynn, C. (2010). Songwriting For Dummies. Wiley. p. 189. ISBN978-0-470-89041-7 . Retrieved March ii, 2015.
5. ^ Bennett, Dan (2008). The Total Rock Bassist. Van Nuys, California: Alfred Publishing. p. 62. ISBN0-7390-5269-one.
6. ^ "Across the Ocean", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
7. ^ "Chain Gang", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
8. ^ "Crocodile Rock", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
9. ^ ^{a b} Hirsh, Marc. "Striking a Chord", The Boston Earth, December 31, 2008.
10. ^ "Don't Dream Information technology's Over", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
11. ^ ^{a b} Scott (2003), p. 206
12. ^ Harwood, Dane (September 1982). "Review: [untitled]". Ethnomusicology. Academy of Illinois Press on behalf of Club for Ethnomusicology. 26 (3): 491–493. doi:x.2307/850712. ISSN 0014-1836. JSTOR 850712.
13. ^ "Eternal Flame", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
14. ^ "Optics Of Blueish chords & lyrics – Paul Carrack". Jellynote . Retrieved 9 April 2018.
15. ^ "For Your Precious Love", MusicNotes.com.
16. ^ Lewis, Randy (March 31, 2011). "Rebecca Black's 'Friday': There are a million good reasons yous tin can't get it out of your head". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved August 2, 2013.
17. ^ "Give a Little Dearest", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
18. ^ Riley, Tim (2002). Tell Me Why: The Beatles: Album past Anthology, Song by Song, the Sixties and Afterwards . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. p. 269. ISBN0-306-81120-0.
19. ^ "Heart and Soul", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
20. ^ "In the Airplane Over the Body of water Rebuttal". University of California . Retrieved August 27, 2018.
21. ^ "Acoustic Lesson 11B: Basic Chord Progressions". GuitarLessonInsider.com. Archived from the original on November 30, 2012. Retrieved Nov 4, 2012.
22. ^ "Jesus of Bourgeoisie", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
23. ^ "Concluding Osculation", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
24. ^ "But Like a Pill", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
25. ^ "Lollipop", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
26. ^ Solitary "This Christmas Chords", Due east-Chords.com
27. ^ Guralnick, Peter (2005). Dream Boogie: The Triumph of Sam Cooke . New York: Little, Brown. p. 157. ISBN0-316-37794-v.
28. ^ "Lovable", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
29. ^ "Oliver's Army", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
30. ^ Robert Joffred (24 November 2017). "Weekly Billboard Theory — Perfect". Medium . Retrieved 1 Jan 2020.
31. ^ Moore, Allan (May 1995). "The And so-Called 'Flattened Seventh' in Rock". Popular Music. Cambridge University Press. fourteen (2): 185–201. doi:10.1017/s0261143000007431. ISSN 0261-1430.
32. ^ "Stand by Me", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
33. ^ "This Magic Moment", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
34. ^ "Those Magic Changes", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
35. ^ "True Blue", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
36. ^ "Nosotros Go Together", MusicNotes.com. (subscription required)
37. ^ "You Don't Ain Me Chords – Lesley Gore". East-Chords.
38. ^ "Misc Computer Games – Doki Doki Literature Social club – Your Reality (Chords)". Ultimate Guitar.
39. ^ Blom, E. (1935, p. 227) Mozart. London, Paring.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2750s_progression

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